spotlight europe 2010/06, June 2010: Spain and the end of European illusions

Spain was expecting its EU presidency of the EU Council to be a more pleasant experience. Looking back, these six months were totally dominated by the economic crisis, which put an abrupt end to a long boom period. The Spanish were baffled by the way that the actual problems were hyped up by the European media. One thing is certain: 25 years after it joined the European Community, the country faces major challenges - economical, political and social

spotlight europe 2008/04, April 2008: Human Trafficking: Europe's New Shame and Disgrace

Slavery in Europe? Forced labour in this day and age? Only a handful of Europeans are aware of the fact that human trafficking and forced labour exist right in their midst. In Europe human trafficking is one of the most flourishing businesses controlled by organized crime. When the European Union sets about defining new tasks for itself, this issue should be right at the top of the agenda

Unleashing the potential of a heterogeneous society Migrant-run companies as drivers of inclusive growth. Bertelsmann Stiftung Growth for Germany 2015/02 Inclusive Growth for Germany 2015/02

As compared with many of its European partners, Germany is currently in a good economic position. But looking solely at economic growth is deceptive. Growth in recent years has not been inclusive, as participation opportunities have become increasingly unequally distributed. This puts social cohesion at risk. But what might policies that achieve both goals —realizing growth potential and expanding participation opportunities—look like? As a part of its “Strategies and Investments for Inclusive Growth” project, the Bertelsmann Stiftung develops and discusses concrete recommendations for an inclusive growth model. Using current research as a basis, this discussion paper discusses the degree to which the entrepreneurial activity of immigrants and people with a migrant background are today already serving to drive inclusive growth in Germany, and how potential of this kind can be identified. The conditions rendering it possible to engage in entrepre neurial activity in a country have a direct effect even beyond that country’s national economic performance. Who founds companies and who does not, and the degree of sustainability displayed by the companies founded, says much about how participation opportunities are distributed within a society. Are conditions such that groups that still lack full equality of opportunity within economic processes, such as women, young people, and people with an experience of immigration or a migrant background, are able as business people to become pace‑setters for a successful economy? Or is their potential overlooked and unused? What specific obstacles are in place

Der Kosovo vor unsicherer Zukunft

Syftet med undersökningen har varit att få en bild av hur kristendomen som religion samt hur kristna identiteter framställs i svensk press. Undersökningen är en textanalys av ett antal artiklar där jag har undersökt vilka olika, eller lika, bilder som dags- och kvällstidningar ger av kristendomen och kristna i Sverige idag. Utifrån teorier om ”den andre” har jag undersökt om artiklarna framställer någon form av ”vi”- och ”de”- perspektiv mellan kristna och “icke-kristna”. Syftet har också varit att försöka utskilja vilka retoriska grepp som används i framställningen av kristendomen och kristna. Undersökningens frågeställningar är: Hur framställs kristendomen i artiklarna? Hur konstrueras kristna identiteter i artiklarna? Hur ser relationen ut mellan skribent och läsare? Vilka retoriska grepp används i framställningen av kristendom och kristna

Inclusive Growth – an Agenda for Germany Five action areas for a new growth strategy. Bertelsmann Stiftung Inclusive Growth for Germany|20

Germany is entering a new legislative period with a strong economic position. Across the board, current figures and forecasts for the near future are encouraging. But both the private sector and society are confronted with major challenges – globalization, digitalization and demographic shifts are transforming the demands made on our economy. Current economic policy in Germany must pave the way for tomorrow’s prosperity. This involves making a priority out of promoting growth that provides everyone an opportunity to participate in and thereby benefit from this growth. We need an Agenda for Inclusive Growth

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file